S.G. Kryvdik 1, O.V. Dubyna 1, 2, V.O. Gatsenko 1
1 — M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine
2 — Institute of Geology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Geochemistry and ore formation 2019, 40: 23-39
https://doi.org/10.15407/gof.2019.40.023
The theoretical aspects of the high-Ti igneous rocks formation within the Ukrainian Shield and its border zone connected with the Donbass folded structure are considered. The appearance of such rocks can be caused by both the Ti enrichment of pri- mary melts and path of their subsequent differentiation (fractional crystallization or liquid immiscibility). The formation of complex Fe-Ti-P deposits and ore occurrences of anorthozite-rapakivi granite plutons (ARGP) and features of their geological structure and mineral composition, which were traditionally considered as a result of fractional crystallization, can also more successfully be explained by liquid immiscibility processes. Both differentiation mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and can complement each other. The crystallization of substantially ilmenite ores, in addition to low fO2, is also related with higher initial Ti concentrations in primary melts, in comparison to more common P-Ti-Fe deposits and ore occurrences of ARGP. Complex Ti-Fe deposits in layered intrusions of ARGP, where titanomagnetite is predominat, can represent late stages of the concentration of Fe and Ti in residual melts. In gabbro-syenitic complexes, a significant effect on the concentration of Ti and type of ore mineralization, in addition to the primary Ti enrichment and PT-conditions of crystallization, was played by the fluid saturation, alkalies, phosphorus and other components concentration. So, in some cases, an increased alkalies concentration and low-P content in the initial melts of gabbro-syenitic complexes (Oktyabrsky, Malotersyansky) prevents sub- stantial accumulation of Fe and Ti. Whereas the differentiation of less alkaline and phosphorus-enriched initial melts (Davydkovskiy massif, Volodarske deposit) creates more favorable conditions for the accumulation of rich ore mineralization. High-Ti effusive and hypabyssal dike rocks are probably derived from subalkaline basaltic melts, which were formed in inter- mediate magmatic chambers during pyroxene phenocrysts accumulation and separation of the Ti-enriched residual melt.
Keywords: ilmenite, titanomagnetite, titanium ores, differentiation, stratified intrusion, Ukrainian shield.
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